A Simple Guide to SAFEs – the Simple Agreement for Future Equity

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SAFEs, or Simple Agreements for Future Equity, are investment instruments sold by startups in early-stage fund raising. While related to equity, they are not considered traditional equity instruments at the time of their sale or issuance. Instead, a SAFE is a contract that gives the investor the right to convert the amount invested (the “Purchase… Read more »

Qualified Small Business Stock – What Is It and Why Does It Matter to Startup Investors

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Investors in startups frequently require the corporation to warrant in connection with the sale of its stock that the startup’s shares are qualified small business stock (QSBS) within the meaning of Section 1202 of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Section 1202 allows certain taxpayers to exclude from taxation up to 100% of gain realized… Read more »

Stock Purchase Rights and Founder’s Shares

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A stock repurchase right with regard to a founder is a provision in the founder’s stock purchase agreement permitting the issuing corporation (or its assignee) to repurchase certain of the founder’s shares should they leave the corporation before an agreed minimum period of time has elapsed. Venture capital investors often require that the corporation have… Read more »

Stock Options – The Major Differences Between ISOs and NSOs & the 83(b) Election

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There are two major differences between incentive stock options (ISOs) and non-qualified stock options (NSOs): the type of person who may receive the option award and the tax consequences at the time of its exercise (buying the stock). There are other technical distinctions: ISOs come with a set of limiting requirements, whereas NSOs (like restricted… Read more »

“F” Reorganizations in Succession Planning and Business Purchase and Sale Transactions involving S Corporations

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March 2024 Author: Andrew (Drew) Piunti DPA Law PC drew@dpalawyers.com An “F” reorganization is a type of qualifying tax-free reorganization for corporations under Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) that changes a corporation’s “identity, form, or place of organization” of a corporation. To satisfy its tax-free requirements, the transaction must meet one… Read more »

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